Papers

Ask the experts.

MtronPTI employees have written many papers and hold patents for crystals, oscillators and filter technology. Basic material and technique research continues today with university and other technology supplier collaboration. For more information or to speak to an engineer or engineering manager, please email  marketing@mtronpti.com.

Here are some of the publications and patents complete to date.

 

  1. Horton, W.H. and G.E. Hague, "Dynamic Measurement of Amplitude-Frequency Effect of VHF Resonators", IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, January, 2006.
  2. Horton, W.H. and G.E. Hague, "Amplitude-Frequency Effects in VHF Quartz Resonators", Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, 2005.
  3. Malocha, D.C., G.E. Hague & R.C. Helmbold, "Dual-mode SC-cut Resonator Hysteresis and Aging Study", Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, 2005.
  4. Symonds, D., Andersen, B., Lively, T., Payne, T., "High Shock TCXO's for Advanced Smart Munitions", Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 468 - 472, 2003.
  5. J. D. Sternhagen, C. E. Wold, W. Kempf, M. Karlgaard, K. D. Mitzner, R. D. Mileham, and D. W. Galipeau, "A Novel Integrated Acoustic Gas and Temperature Sensor", IEEE Sensors Journal, August 2002.
  6. J. D. Sternhagen, K. D. Mitzner, E. Berkenpas, M. Karlgaard, C. E. Wold, D. W. Galipeau, "A Direct Digital Synthesis System for Acoustic Wave Sensors," IEEE Sensors Journal, August 2002.
  7. Johnson, W.L., S.A. Kim, D.S. Lauria, & R.C. Smythe, "Acoustic Damping in Langatate as a function of Temperature, Frequency, and Mechanical Contact", Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 961- 964, 2002.
  8. J. D. Sternhagen, Kraig D. Mitzner, Eric J. Berkenpas, Wade Kempf, and David W. Galipeau, "A Study of a Micromachined Sensor Array for Automotive Emissions", Proceedings International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2002.
  9. J. D. Sternhagen, A Study of Micromachined Gas Sensor Arrays for Automotive Emissions, Masters Thesis, Electrical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, 2001.
  10. Smythe, R.C., R.C. Helmbold, G.E. Hague, & K.A. Snow, "Langasite, Langanite, and Langatate Bulk-Wave Y-Cut Resonators", IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 355-360, March 2000.
  11. Smythe, R.C. & G.E. Hague, "Determination of the Piezoelectric Constants of LGN, LGS, and LGT", Proc. Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition, pp. 191-194, 2000.
  12. Malocha, D.C., M.P. da Cunha, E. Adler, R.C. Smythe, S. Frederick, M. Chou, R.Helmbold, & Y.S. Zhou, "Recent Measurements of Material Constants versus Temperature for Langatate, Langanite, and Langasite", Proc. Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition, pp. 200-205, 2000.
  13. C. E. Wold, J. D. Sternhagen, R. D. Mileham, K. D. Mitzner, and D. W. Galipeau, "Temperature Measurement Using Surface Skimming Bulk Waves," IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1999.
  14. Archibald, G.W. and Malocha, D.C., "Transversely Graded Electrode Patterns," Proc. Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 117-123, 1998.
  15. Malocha, D.C. and Archibald, G.W., "Transversely Graded Electrode for Bulk Acoustic Wave Mode Shaping", Proc. Piezotelectric Quartz Crystal Conference, 1997.
  16. R. D. Mileham, J. D. Sternhagen, and D. W. Galipeau, "Thermal Characterization of Thin Polymer Films Using a Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor," Proceedings International Symposium on Microelectronics, 1997.
  17. Andersen, B.D., Belkerdid, M.A., "Measurement Sensitivity Analysis of One Port BAW Resonators", Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 357-362, 1996.
  18. Andersen, B.D., Cavin, M., Belkerdid, M.A., Malocha, D.C., "Sensitivity Analysis of One Port and Two Port BAW and SAW Resonator Model Parameters", Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 308 - 314, 1994.
  19. Andersen, B.D., Belkderdid, M.A., "One Port and Two Port BAW and SAW Resonator Model Parameter Extraction and Sensitivity Analysis", Electronic Industries Association Crystal Products Conference, 1994.
  20. Howard, M.D., "Monolithic Finite Pole Filters and Equalizers", 15th Piezoelectric Devices Conference, Vol 1, pp.90-98, September 1993.
  21. Smythe, R.C., "Acceleration Effects in Crystal Filters -- a Tutorial," IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, v. 39, no. 3, pp. 335-340, May, 1992.
  22. Vig, J.R., C. Audoin, L.S. Cutler, M.M. Driscoll, E.P. EerNisse, R.L. Filler, R.M. Garvey, W.J. Riley, R. C. Smythe, & R.D. Weglein, "Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Effects --IEEE Standards Project P1193," Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, pp.762-781, 1992. [The material on acceleration effects in crystal filters can be found in expanded form in references 15 & 21.]
  23. Allan, David W., J. Barnes, F. Cordura, M. Garvey, W. Hanson, R. Kinsman, J. Kusters, R. Smythe, & F.L. Walls, (Working Group 3 of IEEE SCC27 Committee), "Precision Oscillators: Dependence of Frequency on Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure," Proc. IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, pp.782-793, 1992.
  24. Vig, J.R., C. Audoin, L.S. Cutler, M.M. Driscoll, E.P. EerNisse, R.L. Filler, R.M. Garvey, W.J. Riley, R.C. Smythe, & R.D. Weglein, "The Effects of Acceleration on Precision Frequency Sources," Res. & Dev. Tech. Rpt. SLCET-TR-91-3 (Rev. 1), U.S. Army Laboratory Command, Electronic Technology & Devices Lab., Ft. Monmouth, NJ, July, 1992. [The material on acceleration effects in crystal filters can be found in expanded form in references 15 & 21.]
  25. Howard, M.D. and W.C.F. van den Akker, "Crystal Filters Having Superior Intermodulation Characteristics and the Measurement of Low Level Intermodulation in a Swept Frequency Mode," Proc. RF Expo East, pp. 317-327, September, 1992.
  26. Smythe, R.C., J. Greenstein, and J. Lipeles," A Very Low Profile, Shock-Resistant, Surface-Mountable Quartz Crystal Unit," Proc. 45th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 117-123, 1991.
  27. Smythe, R.C., "Acceleration Effects in Crystal Filters -- a Tutorial," Proc. 45th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp.281-288, 1991.
  28. Smythe, R.C., "Crystal Resonator with Acceleration Sensitivity Adjustable by External Circuit Means," U.S. Patent 5,041,754, August 20, 1991.
  29. Howard, M.D., and R.C. Smythe," Quartz Crystal Filters: A Review of Current Issues," Proc. R.F. Expo West, March, 1990.
  30. Smythe, R.C., "Current Developments in Crystal Filters," Proc. 4th European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 107-119; 1990.
  31. Smythe, R.C., and W.H. Horton, "Adjustment of Resonator G-Sensitivity by Circuit Means," Proc. 44th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 437-443, 1990.
  32. Symonds, D.A., and D. Allen, "An Update on the TMXO," Proc. 44th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 615-621, 1990.
  33. Howard, M.D., and R.C. Smythe, "Quartz Crystal Filters: A Review of Current Issues," Proc. R.F. Expo East, pp. 501-514, November, 1990.
  34. Smythe, R.C., "SC-Cut Chemically Polished High-Frequency Resonators, Final Report," Report No. SLCET-TR-86-0006-F, U.S. Army Laboratory Command; Jan., 1989.
  35. Smythe, R.C., "Crystal Filters," Ch. 7 in Miniaturized and Integrated Filters (S.K. Mitra and C.F. Kurth, editors), Wiley-Interscience; 1989.
  36. Smythe, R.C. and H.F. Tiersten, "An Approximate Expression for the Motional Capacitance of a Lateral Field Resonator," Trans. IEEE on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, v. UFFC-35, No. 3, pp. 435-436; May, 1988.
  37. Smythe, R.C., "An LCC Monolithic Filter," Proc. 2nd European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 637-644; 1988.
  38. Smythe, R.C., and R. B. Angove," Chemically-Milled UHF SC-Cut Resonators," Proc. 42nd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 73-77, 1988.
  39. Smythe, R.C. and H.F. Tiersten, "An Approximate Expression for the Motional Capacitance of a Lateral Field Resonator," Proc. 41st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 311-313; 1987.
  40. Hunt, J.R., "Etch Pits and Etch Channels in Swept AT- and SC-Cut Quartz, " Proc. 41st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 183-191; 1987.
  41. Hunt, J.R. and R.C. Smythe, "Exploratory Development of VHF Quartz Crystal Resonators: Final Technical Report," Contr. F19628-83-C-0061, Rome Air Development Center, RADC-TR-86-60; July, 1986.
  42. Smythe, R.C., "Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters," in Precision Frequency Control, Vol. 1,(E.A. Gerber and A.D. Ballato, ed.s), pp. 188-228, Academic Press, New York; 1985.
  43. Howard, M.D., R.C. Smythe, and P.E. Morley, "Monolithic Crystal Filters Having Improved Intermodulation and Power Handling Capability," Proc. 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 491-503; 1985.
  44. Hunt, J.R. and R.C. Smythe, "Chemically Milled VHF and UHF Resonators," Proc. 39th Annual Smyposium on Frequency Control, pp. 292-300; 1985.
  45. Smythe, R.C., "Phase Noise in Crystal Filters," Proc. 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 138-139; 1985.
  46. Smythe, R.C., M.D. Howard, and J.R. Hunt, "VHF Monolithic Filters Fabricated by Chemical Milling," Proc. 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 481-485; 1985.
  47. Smythe, R.C. and P.E. Morley, "Experimental Evaluation of the Effective Nonlinear Elastic Constant for Trapped-Energy and Contoured Resonators," Proc. 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 317-324; 1985.
  48. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "Coupled Thickness-Shear and Thickness-Twist Vibrations of Unelectroded AT-Cut Quartz Plates," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., v. 78, no. 5, pp. 1684-1689; November, 1985.
  49. Smythe, R.C., J.R. Hunt, and M.D. Howard, "Chemically-Milled VHF and UHF Quartz Resonators and Monolithic Filters," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 302-305; 1985.
  50. Smythe, R.C., "Crystal Parameter Measurement Methods, Final Report," Report No. DELET-TR-82-0390-F, U.S. Army ERADCOM; January, 1984.
  51. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "A New Frequency for Piezoelectric Resonator Measurement," Proc. IEEE, v. 71, no. 2, pp. 280-282; February, 1983.
  52. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "A New Frequency for Piezoelectric Resonator Measurement,"Proc. 37th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 297-299; 1983.
  53. Horton, W.H., "Measurement Systems for Quartz Crystal Units," Proc. 5th Quartz Crystal Conference, pp. 139-153; 1983.
  54. Smythe, R.C. and M.D. Howard, "Current Trends in Crystal Filters," Proc. 37th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 349-353; 1983.
  55. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "Evaluation of Crystal Measurement Systems," Proc. 37th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 290-296; 1983.
  56. Horton, W.H., T.S. Payne, R.C. Smythe, and D.A. Symonds, "Comparison of Methods for Measurement of Quartz Crystal Resonators with Load Capacitance," Proc. 35th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 271-279; 1981.
  57. Smythe, R.C., "An Automated Resonator Measurement System Using a Reflection Coefficient Bridge," Proc. 35th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 280-285; 1981.
  58. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "Coupled Thickness-Shear and Thickness Twist Resonances in Unelectroded Circular AT-Cut Quartz Plates," Proc. 35th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 230-236; 1981.
  59. Smythe, R.C., "Some Recent Advances in Integrated Crystal Filters, " Proc. IEEE, v. 67, no. 1, pp. 119-129; January, 1979. Reprinted in Piezoelectricity, (R.E. Newnham, B.V. Hiremath, and C.Z. Rosen, editors), Am. Inst. Phys.; in preparation.
  60. Smythe, R.C., "Modern Crystal Filters," Proc. 33rd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 209-213; 1979.
  61. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, " An Analysis of Contoured Crystal Resonators Operating in Overtone Modes of Coupled Thickness-Shear and Thickness Twist," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., v. 65, no. 6, pp. 1455-1459; June 1979.
  62. Smythe, R.C., "Some Recent Advances in Integrated Crystal Filters, " Proc. 32nd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 220-232; 1978.
  63. Smythe, R.C., "HF and VHF Inductorless Filters for Microelectronic Systems, " Proc. IEEE/EIA Electronic Components Conference, pp. 115-119; 1969. Reprinted in D.F. Sheahan and R.A. Johnson, editors, Modern Crystal and Mechanical Filters, pp. 301-305, IEEE Press, New York; 1977.
  64. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "An Analysis of Overtone Modes in Contoured Crystal Resonators," Proc. 31st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 44-47; 1977.
  65. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "Guided Elastic Surface Wave Filter, " U.S. Patent 4,060,777; November 29, 1977.
  66. Staples, E.J. and R.C. Smythe, "SAW Resonators and Coupled Resonator Filters," Proc. 30th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 322-327; 1976.
  67. Smythe, R.C., "VHF Monolithic Filters," Report No. ECOM-72-0025-F, U.S. Army Electronics Command, Ft. Monmouth, N.J.; February, 1976.
  68. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "Guided Surface Wave Filters," Appl. Phys. Lett., v. 28, no. 3, pp. 111-113; 1 February 1976.
  69. Staples, E.J. and R.C. Smythe, "Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on ST-Quartz," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 307-310; 1975.
  70. Tiersten, H.F. and R.C. Smythe, "Guided Surface Wave Filter," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 293-294; 1975.
  71. Smythe, R.C., "Intermodulation in Thickness-Shear Resonators," Proc. 28th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 5-7; 1974.
  72. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe," Experimental Investigations of Intermodulation in Monolithic Crystal Filters," Proc. 27th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 243-245; 1973.
  73. Smythe, R.C., "Communications Systems Benefit from Monolithic Crystal Filters," Electronics, v. 45, no. 3, pp. 48-51; January 31, 1972.
  74. Horton, W.H., "Tab Plateback," U.S. Patent 3,382,831; May 7, 1968.
  75. Horton, W.H., "Crystal Structures and Method of Fabricating Them," U.S. Patent 3,396,287; August 6, 1968.
  76. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "The Work of Mortley and the Energy-Trapping Theory for Thickness-Shear Piezoelectric Vibrators," Proc. IEEE, v. 55, no. 2, p. 222; February, 1967.
  77. Smythe, R.C., W.H. Horton, and R.B. Angove, "A Note on VHF Acoustically-Coupled Bandpass Crystal Filters," Proc. IEEE, v. 55, no. 3, pp. 422-423; March, 1967.
  78. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "On the Trapped-Wave Criterion for AT-Cut Quartz Resonators with Coated Electrodes," Proc. IEEE, v. 55, no. 4, pp. 598-599; April, 1967.
  79. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "Theory of Thickness-Shear Vibrators with Extensions and Applications to VHF Acoustically-Coupled Resonator Filters," Proc. 21st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 160-178; 1967.
  80. Horton, W.H., "Quartz Crystal Unwanted Mode Response and Measurement, " Trans. IEEE, v. SU-13, no. 4, pp. 111-115; October, 1966.
  81. Smythe, R.C., "Tolerance Considerations in Crystal Filter Design," Proc. 20th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 343-351; 1966.
  82. Smythe, R.C., "On Incidental Dissipation in High-Pass and Band-Stop Filters," Trans. IEEE, v. MTT-14, no. 4, pp. 208-209; April, 1966.
  83. Horton, W.H. and S.B. Boor, "Comparison of Crystal Measuring Equipment," Proc. 19th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 436-468; 1965.
  84. Boor, S.B., W.H. Horton, and R.B. Angove, "Passive Temperature Compensation of Quartz Crystals for Oscillator Applications," Proc. 19th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 105-124; 1965.
  85. Smythe, R.C., "On the Realization of Crystal-Capacitor Tandem Lattice Bandpass Filters," Trans. IEEE, v. CT-11, no. 1, p. 170; March, 1964.
  86. Smythe, R.C., "The Synthesis of Crystal-Capacitor Tandem Lattice All-Pole Bandpass Filters on the Insertion-Loss Basis," Proc. 18th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 536-557; 1964.
  87. Horton, W.H. and R.C. Smythe, "The Hybrid-Coil Bridge Method of Measuring Unwanted Modes of Vibration in Quartz Crystals," Proc. 17th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 316-324; 1963.